“I welcome the steps taken by the Government of Ghana in its fight against torture and other ill-treatment in the country, but much remains to be done,” UN Special Rapporteur on torture Juan E. Méndez said in a press release at the end of a four-day follow-up visit to the country.
According to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), he assessed critical issues in the criminal justice system, including conditions of detention, as well as mental health-care practices, in particular the treatment and living conditions of persons held in psychiatric hospitals and prayer camps.
“I am concerned that instances of torture and ill-treatment continue to occur with some frequency during the apprehension, arrest, and interrogation stages by police and intelligence services,” he said.
He added, “I received troubling reports of forced confessions, despite the existence of legal guarantees intended to protect persons upon arrest and in police custody.”
He added that of particular concern is the lacking sense of due diligence and urgency by oversight mechanisms such as the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice – as well as courts and prosecutors – to tackle the issue with “prompt, impartial, and effective investigations into all allegations of mistreatment.”
Méndez said that without proper complaint mechanisms and public awareness campaigns, “no real change is possible.”
“The right to counsel also needs to be made truly effective in all criminal cases by the expansion and effective implementation of the Legal Aid Scheme or the establishment of a Public Defenders’ Office,” the expert also stressed.
Meanwhile, the Special Rapporteur noted no significant improvements with regard to the still severe overcrowding in some detention centres, inadequate nutrition, a shortage of water, poor sanitation and health-care, and a lack of medicines, despite positive steps taken by the Government to accelerate the management of cases.
“I am encouraged by the projects and measures being implemented by the Government,” he said.
He added, “In particular, the ‘Justice for All’ programme with its travelling court has been able to partially clear up the backlog of remand cases in various regions. I welcome the establishment of a high court on the premises of Nsawam Medium Security Prison as a pilot project that aims to speed up appeals, thereby reducing the number of detainees.”
In addition, he said a further step forward are the new guidelines on sentencing, which despite not being binding on judges will, if implemented across all regions, contribute to a more consistent approach to sentencing and more reasonable use of discretion by judges.
“The introduction of statutory provisions for non-custodial measures would also assist in reducing overcrowding in prisons and facilitate the reintegration into society,” Méndez stated.
He said, “I call upon Ghana to swiftly ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture to ensure regular monitoring of places of detention, which is essential to guaranteeing the rights of inmates.”
On the issue of mental health care, the Special Rapporteur noted that while current practices were similar to those observed during his last visit, progress is being made in the implementation of the Mental Health Act and associated programmes established by its managing Mental Health Authority.
“Initial steps have been taken to decentralize mental health care. Setting up visiting committees in the regions needs to be followed up by the passage of the Act’s Legislative Instrument, sufficient allocation of funds to its programmes, and actual changes of treatment and living conditions of mentally ill patients on the ground,” he urged.
Méndez also stressed that private institutions treating mentally ill patients, such as prayer camps, must also be regulated and monitored by these programmes. “I saw patients chained onto walls and forced to fast in a prayer camp,” the rights expert said.
He added, “These practices are frankly unacceptable and constitute torture, and the State of Ghana can no longer close its eyes to these practices.”
In the understanding that these are cultural practices and that families approach prayer camps voluntarily, the expert said he agrees with the State’s approach to use persuasion and engagement to monitor and enforce existing law and regulation and to obtain cooperation under the guidance and supervision of science-based, appropriately trained mental health professionals.
“The reference to culture and tradition cannot be invoked to justify harmful practices to individuals,” he warned.
Independent experts, or Special Rapporteurs, are appointed by the Geneva-based UN Human Rights Council to examine and report back on a country situation or a specific human rights theme. The positions are honorary and the experts are not UN staff, nor are they paid for their work.
The Special Rapporteur will present a follow-up report to the Human Rights Council in March 2016.
UN Photo/Rick Bajornas
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